1, the moisture absorption properties of the fiber
Hygroscopic properties The textile fibers are placed in the air and are constantly exchanged with the air for moisture. The textile fibers continuously absorb the moisture in the air and continuously release moisture into the air. The property of textile fibers to absorb or release moisture is referred to as the hygroscopicity of the fibers.
The hygroscopicity of textile fibers is one of the important physical properties of textile fibers. The hygroscopicity of textile fibers has a certain influence on the shape, weight and physical and mechanical properties of textile fibers, which also affects the processing and use properties. The size of the textile fiber's ability to absorb moisture also directly affects the wearing comfort of the fabric. The fiber with high hygroscopic ability absorbs the sweat discharged from the human body, regulates the body temperature, and relieves the feeling of dampness, thereby making people feel comfortable. Therefore, attention should be paid to the hygroscopic properties of fibers in commercial trade, fiber performance testing, textile processing and textile selection.
Among the common textile fibers, wool, hemp, viscose fiber, silk, cotton and the like have strong moisture absorption capacity, and the hygroscopic ability of synthetic fibers is generally poor. Among them, the absorption capacity of vinylon and nylon is slightly better, the acrylic fiber is worse, and the polyester is worse. Polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride are almost non-hygroscopic.
At present, synthetic fibers with poor hygroscopic ability are often blended with natural fibers or viscose fibers having strong hygroscopic ability to improve the moisture absorption capacity of the fabric.
In the hygroscopic property of the fiber, in addition to hygroscopicity, the water absorption of the fiber material is also closely related to the wearing comfort of the fabric to be taken. The water absorption of a fiber refers to the property of the fiber to absorb liquid water. The water vapor and sweat produced by people during activities mainly lead to the absorption and absorption of water, which is absorbed by the material and makes it feel comfortable. Generally speaking, the outerwear is mainly wetted by rainwater, so fibers with small water absorption can be selected as the outerwear material; the underwear is mainly subjected to invisible evaporation and sweating of the body, so it is necessary to select moisture absorption and water absorption. Fiber is used as underwear material.
2, the mechanical properties of the fiber
Mechanical properties The properties of textile fibers under various external forces and deformations are called mechanical properties of textile fibers. External forces include various forms such as stretching, compression, bending, twisting, and rubbing.
The mechanical properties of textile fibers should include the strength, elongation, elasticity, wear resistance, modulus of elasticity, and the like of the fibers.
Strength of the fiber: The strength of the fiber refers to the ability of the fiber to resist external damage, which largely determines the durability of the textile product.
The strength of the fiber can be expressed by the absolute strength of the fiber, which is the maximum load that the fiber can withstand under continuous load increase until it breaks. Its legal lecturer unit is Newton (N) or Newton (cN). In the past, it used to be expressed in grams or kilograms.
Since the strength of the fiber is related to the thickness of the fiber, it is absolutely incomparable for fibers of different thicknesses. Therefore, the relative strength is often used to indicate the strength of the fiber. Relative strength is the maximum tensile force a fiber can withstand per unit linear density (per tex or per denier). The legal unit of measurement is cattle/special (N/tex) or centigram/tex (cN/tex). In the past, it used to be expressed in gram/den.
Elasticity of the fiber: The fiber and its products are subjected to external forces during processing and use, and corresponding deformation occurs. When the action of the external force is removed, a part of the deformation of the fiber can be recovered, and the other part of the deformation does not recover. According to this characteristic of the fiber, the deformation of the fiber can be made into three parts, that is, the part of the deformation which can be recovered immediately after the external force is removed is called the elastic deformation; when the external force is removed, the part which can be slowly recovered is called the deformation. Elastic deformation; when the external force is removed, this part of the deformation that cannot be recovered is called plastic deformation.
The elasticity of a fiber refers to the ability to recover from fiber deformation. A commonly used indicator for the size of the fiber elasticity is the elastic recovery rate or rebound rate of the fiber. It refers to the percentage of total elastic deformation due to rapid elastic deformation and a certain period of slow elastic deformation.
When the elastic recovery rate of the fiber is high, the elasticity of the fiber is good, and the ability to recover deformation is strong. The textile made of the elastic fiber has good dimensional stability, is not easy to wrinkle during the taking process, and is relatively wear-resistant. For example, polyester has excellent elasticity, and its garments have the characteristics of crispness and wear resistance.
Abrasion resistance of fibers: Fibers and their products are subject to wear during continuous processing due to friction during processing and actual use. The wear resistance of the fiber refers to the performance of the fiber to withstand external wear.
The abrasion resistance of the fiber is closely related to the fastness of the textile product. The pros and cons of wear resistance is an important indicator of the performance of clothing for clothing. The wear resistance of the fiber is related to the macromolecular structure, supramolecular structure, elongation at break and elasticity of the fiber. The order of common fiber wear resistance is as follows:
Nylon>Polypropylene>Vinyl®>Ethylene>Polyester>Acrylic>Polyfluoride>Maeve>Silk>Cotton>Ma>Fuqiang Fiber>Copper Ammonia Fiber>Viscose Fiber>Acetate Fiber>Glass Fiber.
Elastic Modulus of Fiber: The elastic modulus of a fiber, also called the "initial modulus", refers to the ratio of stress to strain at the beginning of a straight line on the fiber tensile curve. In the actual calculation, the elastic modulus of the fiber can be generally obtained by taking a point at which the elongation at the load elongation curve is 1%.
The size of the fiber's elastic modulus indicates how easy the fiber is under a small load. It reflects the rigidity of the fiber and is closely related to the properties of the fabric. When the other conditions are the same, the elastic modulus of the fiber is large, and the fabric is stiff; otherwise, the elastic modulus is small.
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