Xinjiang's Hetian jade is mainly distributed in the Shakes of Kashgar in Xinjiang, Tashkurgan, Hetian--Yutian, Bayingo Autonomous Prefecture, and the more than 1,500 kilometers of the Kunlun Mountains in Ruoqiang County. Where. Hetian jade's mineral composition is mainly tremolite, and contains trace amounts of minerals such as actinolite, diopside, serpentine, graphite, magnet, etc., forming white, cyan, black, yellow and other different colors, most of which are Monochrome jade, a few have multiple colors. The jade is translucent and has a grease-like luster after polishing. The hardness is between 5.5 and 6.5 degrees. Hetian jade is born in the mountain rock with an altitude of 3,500 meters to 5,000 meters. After long-term weathering, it is peeled off into pieces of different sizes. It falls on the hillside and then flows into the river through rainwater. When the autumn river is dry, the jade collected in the riverbed is called seed jade, and the mountain material mined in the rock layer. The earliest jade articles of the era that have been discovered with Hetian jade are from the tomb of Yinxu Women. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hetian jade gradually became the main jade material, both of which collected seed materials, and began mining mountain materials in the Qing Dynasty. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the "Dayu River" Yushan, the jadeite material weighed 10,700 kilograms, that is, it was collected from the Milareta Mountains.
Hetian jade's economic value is based on color and texture purity. Its main varieties are:
White jade: The color is white, the texture is pure, delicate, lustrous and moist, and it is a high-quality variety of Hetian jade. In the Han, Song and Qing dynasties, the jade was highly valued, and high-quality white jade was often carved into a "heavy weapon".
Sheep fat white jade: the top grade in white jade, the texture is pure and delicate, containing 99% of the fluorite, and the color is white and gelatinous. The jade material of the same weight has several times the economic value of white jade. In the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Qing Emperor Qianlong period, the sheep white jade was highly praised.
Qingbaiyu: There is no significant difference between the texture and the white jade. Only the pale green color of the jade color is the third grade jade material of Hetian jade, and the economic value is slightly lower than the white jade.
Sapphire: The color is light green, greenish green and grayish white. It is called sapphire. Its color is even and the texture is fine. It contains 89% of tremolite and 6% of erectite. It is oily and lustrous. It is rich in reserves. It is collected or mined by jade. Main varieties.
Topaz: The matrix is ​​white jade, which is yellow-colored in the gap due to long-term percolation by iron oxide in surface water. According to the change of chromaticity, it is named: dense wax yellow, maroon yellow, okra yellow, yellow yellow, egg yolk and so on. The dense sallow yellow and maroon yellow are extremely rare, and their economic value can be offset by the sheep white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, because the topaz was the "Emperor" homophonic, it was extremely rare, and once the economic value exceeded the fat white jade.
Sugar jade: Due to the formation of primary or secondary action, it is impregnated with iron oxide and manganese in the color of reddish brown, yellowish brown, dark brown, etc. When the sugar color is >85%, it can be called sugar jade. In the sub-material, iron oxide infiltrates into the jade to form a red hull with different depths, and the deep red is called "sugar jade" and "tiger jade". Sugar jade often forms a two-color jade with white jade or sapphire, which can make "a pretty jade". The snuff bottle made of sugar jade shell seed material cavity, called "golden wrapped silver" should be able to add value.
Ink: The graphite and magnet components in the tremolite are black. Most of the jade is gray or gray ink jade with black markings. It is named as "black clouds, light ink, gold whiskers, beautiful cockroaches, etc.. The black spots are dense and dense, called pure lacquer ink, and the value is higher than other ink jade. Variety. Moyu is waxy and lustrous. It is not suitable for carving and decoration because of the uneven color.
Jasper: It is grayish green, dark green, dark green, and the pure green color is the top grade. The quality of the black spots, black spots or jade ribs is poor. Jasper contains more than 85% of amphibole, fine texture, translucent, oily luster, and is a mid-range jade.
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